Evaluating the Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education Model at 10 Years: Practice-Based Outcomes and Opportunities

ABSTRACT Background Since 2011, the Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education (THC GME) program has sought to expand access to care by training residents in safety net settings. Objective To examine impact on physician scope, location, and patient population served using a unique data set. Methods Using 2017-2020 data from the American Board of Family Medicine National Graduate Survey, we compared demographics, practice location, populations served, and scope of practice between graduates of THC GME programs and graduates of other family medicine programs. Results Our sample comprised 8608 (out of 13 465) eligible family medicine graduates 3 years after completion of residency training, for a response rate of 63.9%. THC graduates were significantly more likely than other graduates to practice in a rural location (17.9% to 11.8%), within 5 miles of their residency program (18.9% to 12.9%), and to care for medically underserved populations (35.2% to 18.6%). Their scope of practice was wider than other graduates and more likely to comprise services like buprenorphine prescribing, behavioral health care, and outpatient gynecological procedures. Regression results suggest that THC training is independently correlated with a broader scope of practice. Conclusions Graduates of THC programs were significantly more likely than graduates of other programs to practice close to their training sites and in rural areas, and to care for underserved patients while maintaining a broader scope of practice than other graduates.